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(No Model.) 2 Sheets--SheetY 1.

M. A. T. BOEHNCKE 85 D. D. MGLEAN.

BRICK KILN.

No. 475,433. Patented May 24, v1892.

@IE-Pff@ lil LELE@ (No Model.) '2 Sheets--Sheet 2.

M.'A. T. BOEHNGKE 8v D. D. MGLEAN. BRICK KILN.

No. 475,433. Patented May-24, 1892.

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

MAX A. TH. BOEHNCKE, OF CENTINELA, CALIFORNIA, AND DONALD D. MCLEAN, OFUNDERWOOD, CANADA.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 475,433, dated May 24;,1892.

Application led November 7, 1889. Renewed November 14, 1891. Serial No.411,846. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be itknown that We, MAX A. TH. BOEHNCKE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Centinela, Los Angeles county, California, and DONALD D.MCLEAN, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Underwood,Province of Ontario, Canada, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Brick-Kilns; and we do hereby declare the following tobe a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, andto the letters of reference marked thereon.

This invention relates to certain improvements in that class ofbrick-kilns in which but a single compartment or chamber is usuallyemployed and heated by means of furnaces located around the base of thesame, the object being to enable a kiln of this class to be built inwhich the brick or other greenclay goods may be burned more economicallyand evenly than heretofore, and, further, to enable a kiln t0 be builtwhich may be used any number of times Without deteriorating.

To these ends the invention consists in certain novel 'and usefuldetails of construction and combinations and arrangements of parts to behereinafter described, and pointed out particularly in the claim at theend of this specification.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a top plan View of akiln constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a horizontalsection taken just above the ground-level. Fig. 3 is a section on theline a: Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a plan of the preferred form of damper. Fig.5is a longitudinal section of the same. Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are sectionson lines'w 10,1/ y, and z z, respectively.

Similar letters of reference in the several figures indicate the sameparts.

The kiln A may be of any desired shape in horizontal section-such asround, oval, or square-the latter being for the sake of convenienceshown in the accompanying drawings.

At the sides of nl@ kun A are formed the re chambers or furnaces B, fouror more in number, located, preferably, outside of the abutments a,which constitute the side walls of the kiln adjacent the furnaces andfrom which the roof-arch a springs. These abutments are preferablyformed similar to a section of an Egyptian arch or with the courseshorizontally straight, as shown. The outside of the roof-arch may befilled with any desired Iiller such as is ordinarily employed for thepurpose, and the floor is preferably formed by solid brick courses P,separated by a course of sand P, approximately six inches in thickness.Chimneys C, having dampers C therein, are formed in the side walls, andeach communicates at the lower end with a conduit c, leading beneath theoor to a central portion or approximately the middle line of the kiln,where they open into the same at the floor-level, constituting centraldowndraft-tlues. The mouths of the ues are recessed for thereception ofwooden covers c', which are kept in position while the kiln is beingfilled in order t-o prevent the entrance of dirt, dac., but are removedand stored while the burning process is being carried on.

l In the roof are formed updraft chimneys or fines E, normally closed bybell-shaped dampers e, but adapted to be opened at certain times, asWill be hereinafter mentioned, and in the side walls are formed openingsF G, through which the kiln is filled or emptied, the upper opening Gserving as a means to enable the arch portion to be filled or emptiedafter the goods have been piled above the lower opening.

Two flues for discharging the heated products from the furnace into thekiln are provided, one I being formed by a thin partition t', extendingup to nearly the top of the abutment so as to discharge in the upperpart of the kiln. The other iiue K leads under the former and dischargesimmediately in front of the same at substantially the floor-level, saidfines both being provided with dampers I K ,respectively, for directingthe products through either iiue at Will. These dampers, Figs. 4 t0 8,are preferably formed of a slab or slabs M of fire-brick or otherrefractory material, having a groove m extending entirely around theedge, in which is located a yoke N of wrought-iron or similar material,the ends of which are secured in a cast-iron plate N', having a tonguefn, fitting in the groove in one edge of the slab, and provided with ahandle N2, by means of which the dampers may be operated. The ends ofthe IOO yoke are preferably screw threaded and passed through lugs orears on the plate, and nuts n are provided for tightening the yokearound the slab. The plate N is preferably perforated as a saving incost of material, and,further, to give additionalradiating-surface,whereby the heat will not affect the same injuriously.

A damper constructed in accordance with the above, it will be seen, maybe exposed without injury to the hottest temperatures, as the onlyportion which could be aiectedz'. e., the metal yoke-is entirelyprotected by the refractory material, but at the Sametime serves to bindthe same together and make a strong and substantial structure.

In setting the brick or other green-clay goods to be burned it will befound most convenient to commence at one end of the kiln, using theopposite door for driving in with a one-horse cart or other vehicle, allthe openings and Iiues being left open during the process except thecentral downdraftflue openings, which are covered as long as the cartsor wheelbarrows are to pass over the same, but are opened as soon as theclay goods are set over the same. Small arches should be set from iiuesN to one-fourth the widthof the kiln in opposite direction from eachother and one small arch should be set longitudinally of the kilndirectly over the mouths of the central downdraft-llies. At point-sbeneath the updraft-chimneys in the roof of the kiln, chambers orpassages are formed extending way to the bottom of the kiln, (whichpassages may be conveniently built by inserting two-by-two-inch woodensticks and building around the same,) and serve the double purpose ofsmoke-fines andu peepholes, through which the condition of the bricks,way to the bottom, may be inspected. After the kiln has been filledthrough the lower door F a space below the arch will be left empty,which has to be filled through the upper opening or door G, after whichall the doors are sealed by means of afonr-inch seal,

and when this isdried a second seal is applied,

with a space between the two of about three inches, a wooden door beingfinally added in the recess and well tightened with clay mortar. Afterthe sealin g operation, or, if desired, after the first seal is inplace, all the dampers are to be closed, except the dampers K' and C',and a small smoke lire started in the furnaces. In this way the bottombricks are thoroughly water-smoked without driving any Water-smokethrough the green goods in the center and upper part of the kiln, andwhen the lower portion is water-smoked suiciently dampers U are to beclosed and the updraftchimneys E opened, the draftthen being from y thebottom to the top of the mass, thus watersmoking the center and upperpart thoroughly.

After sufficient water-smoking this way damper K is closed and damper Iopened and water-smoking continued for a very short time, leading thehot products from ,the upper flue to the updraftchimneys, thereby morecompletely water-smoking the whole than has heretofore been possible.The updraft-chimneys E are now closed, dampers C opened, and the firestarted full-blast, the heat diffusing itself from the upper air-fluethrough the kiln andthen passing down into the central draft-fluo, asindicated in full arrows, Fig. 3. The proper extent to which this firingoperation is to be carried can be judged by an inspection through theopenings, and when completed the chimneys E and dampers K- are openedand dampers I and C closed, the heated products then passing from thebottom to the top of the kiln, as indicated in dotted arrows, Fig. '3.This arrangement, it will be seen, enables the heat to be led to everyportion of the kiln without difficulty, thoroughly burning all thebrick, and at the same `time enables the whole mass to be inspectedthrough the channels before mentioned. As a tinishing step the heatedproducts may be passed from the lower air-ues to the central`downc'lraft-Iiues for a short time and then from the upper air-lines tothe updraft-ues in the top of the kiln.

To prevent the entrance of cold air when the furnacedoors are opened forfiring purposes, the ripper hot-air conductor I is sepa.- rated from thekiln by a thin wall-say four inches in thickness-so that the heatradiating in the tlue will thoroughly heat the air entering through thesaine at such times. The air entering through the lower conductor duringthe firing-up process when the damper K is closed is also heated bypassing through the passages la in the sidesof the furnaces. Heated airfor the purpose of combustion also passes in through said passages andinto the combustion-chamber through aperture 7o.

The partition or wall i, forming the air-flue I, it will be observed, islocated in the plane of the side wall and does not obstruct the interiorof the kiln in the least.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new is- A kiln forburning bricks, having a cornpartment in which the brick are stacked, aseries of independent furnaces, two series of independentdamper-controlled tlues leading from the furnaces to the lower and upperportions of the brick compartment, respectively, a series ofupdrattlines in the top of the kiln, the series ot downdraft-ues openingalong the central line at the bottom of the compartment, and the seriesof chimneys, one for each downdraft-tlue, substantially as described.

MAX A. TH. BOEl-IN CKE. DONALD D. MCLEAN.

Witnesses as to M. A. Th. B.:

C. JAcoBY, W. MoRLocK.

Witnesses as to D. D. McL.:

II. J. LANG, I. MEININGER.

IOO

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